Vampire Depictions Dracula Vs. Louis - 2295 Words

Vampire Depiction: Dracula vs. Louis For years, the vampire has been a mysterious creature. We have all been infatuated with the appeal of immortality and distinctiveness that vampires possess. Many writers have visualized what vampires are supposed to look like and how they act. The common description of a vampire is terror, violence, viciousness, and fear. Nina Auerbach, writes that â€Å"There is no such creature as ‘The Vampire’; there are only vampires† (Saler 218). This statement recognizes that vampires differ tremendously in behavior, motivation, and culture. Because vampires are a fictional character, depending on the writer, the vampire will be different, even if they are all influenced by one image. In 1897, Bram Stoker released Dracula and this book introduced us to a vampire by the name of Count Dracula, which created a lasting image and the iconic vampire to many people. Almost a century later, in 1976, Anne Rice reinvented the vampire when she introduced one by the name of Louis in Interview with the Vampire. Dracula and Interview with the Vampire are both books based on vampires. Bram Stoker and Anne Rice both had the same interest, but a different vision of what a vampire was. In Dracula, we do not get to know what kind of human Dracula was before being turned into a vampire. We do not get to know how he was transformed into a vampire. We only get to know him as a vampire, and a cruel one at that. In Interview with the Vampire, we get to know what Louis wasShow MoreRelatedVampire Depiction : Dracula Vs. Louis2305 Words   |  10 PagesWerner 9 December 2014 Vampire Depiction: Dracula vs. Louis For years, the vampire has been a mysterious creature. We have all been infatuated with the appeal of immortality and distinctiveness that vampires possess. Many writers have visualized what vampires are supposed to look like and how they act. The common description of a vampire is terror, violence, viciousness, and fear. Nina Auerbach, writes that â€Å"There is no such creature as ‘The Vampire’; there are only vampires† (Saler 218). This statementRead MoreHomosexuality in Victorian and Elizabethan Literature.6608 Words   |  27 Pageswriters of the Victorian Age played off of the fear and immorality of homosexuality and used those feelings as a basis for their novels. Bram Stoker told a story about a vampire that challenged the Victorian gender roles and managed to reverse them, making men faint like women, and making women powerful like men, and called it Dracula. Mary Shelley created a a physical being out of a mans suppressed homosexuality due to his Victo rian male upbringing; a man named Frankenstein. Robert Stevenson described

Business Law Reflection - 693 Words

Learning Team Reflection Amin Vohra, Michael D. Thomas, Ryan McCullum, Joe Nguyen, Shantel Singh LAW/531 February 8th, 2012 Mr. James Blevins Learning Team Reflection This learning team reflection will discuss the compliance issues associated with the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act of 1977 (FCPA). What is Foreign Corrupt Practice Act? For those who don’t know might ask, well, the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act of 1977 which was introduced in the U.S Senate as S.303 by Mr. William Proxmire (D.W) and signed into law by president Jimmy Carter on December 19, 1977 is a United States Federal Law known primarily for two of its main provisions. One that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of†¦show more content†¦So how does a company manage compliance risk as per FCPA? Today professionals responsible for compliance often are constrained by limited budget in tight economy. Compliance officer of an organization need to nail down the â€Å"must-haves† in FCPA programs: Written compliance policies and procedures to implement them; written records of the education and training provided to employees, third-party agents and intermediaries and due diligence records. The FCPA compliance program must also consider where the company uses third parties such as agents and independent contractors, who might be more difficult to control and over see them, the company’s own employees, the company’s gift-giving and entertainment practices that might be perceived as bribery; and where the company’s operations require government approvals or licenses creating an opportunity to give bribe. (Aguilar, 2010) The challenge for many companies is how to identify and reduce the FCPA risks posed by employees and non-employees who may not understand the many nuances of anti-corruption and anti bribery laws and policies. 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Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Thirty-Two Free Essays

string(178) " us she could disappear\?† â€Å"Even if I had known, what good would it have done to tell you\? Could you have prevented the disappearance\?† I rubbed my forehead\." â€Å"You’re dead,† I said, echoing the protests of my dream, which, in retrospect, appeared to have been a vision. â€Å"Not quite.† â€Å"I ripped out your throat. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty-Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Not completely.† â€Å"You healed.† â€Å"I’m very old.† Billy smiled, and the expression was more frightening than a scowl. â€Å"I can heal just about anything. Except silver. Which is something we have in common. I always wondered what it was about you that bothered me.† He’d found some clothes – Lord knows where since there weren’t any outlets for the big and tall in this neck of the woods. The jeans and sweatshirt almost made him appear normal. Almost. A single glance into his eyes and no one would mistake Billy Bailey for anything other than an escaped lunatic. â€Å"Thor, the Thunder God,† Nic murmured. Double damn. Had the old woman seen Billy? If I’d known that, I could have exited Fairhaven screaming a long time ago. â€Å"Toss your weapon into the trees,† Billy ordered. Nic complied, and Billy shoved Edward forward so he could keep the gun trained on all three of us. I didn’t care for his expression when he glanced at Nic. â€Å"You’re screwing my girl,† Billy murmured. â€Å"I don’t like it.† I froze as all of the horrible things Billy planned to do to me when he got out of his cell flooded my mind. I needed to kill him, really kill him, and quick. â€Å"Mandenauer.† Edward, who’d been inching toward the rifle propped against the rear bumper of the Cadillac, stopped. I managed to sidle in front of Nic while Billy’s attention was on my boss. Billy didn’t want me dead. Not yet. But I had a feeling he wouldn’t feel the same way about the others. Though why he hadn’t just shot them first and done his talking later, I wasn’t sure, and I didn’t plan to ask. â€Å"If you don’t want a taste of what you’ve served up so freely,† Billy continued, â€Å"you’ll move far away from that gun.† Edward scowled but did as he was told. Unfortunately, he arrived at my side talking. â€Å"You didn’t make sure he was dead, then burn the body? Have you learned nothing?† â€Å"Guess not,† Billy murmured. I still couldn’t find my voice through the fear. â€Å"You’re the werewolf in human form,† Nic said. â€Å"You killed all those people.† â€Å"Actually, that was her.† Billy jerked a thumb in Lydia’s direction. â€Å"Except for Basil. That was me.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"He tried to shoot Dr. Hanover.† Billy’s eyes narrowed on Lydia. If that gaze had been fixed in my direction, I certainly wouldn’t have tossed my head and shrugged. Why wasn’t Lydia afraid of him? â€Å"You promised I could have her when you were through,† he said. â€Å"That was our deal.† â€Å"True.† Lydia examined her fingernails. † But I never promised she’d be alive.† Billy growled and the hair on my arms lifted. â€Å"He’s really very good.† Lydia glanced at me. â€Å"If you like your sex extremely rough.† Something wasn’t adding up, but I was still too frightened to do the math. â€Å"Don’t look so scared. You’ll be dead by then.† Lydia returned her attention to Billy. â€Å"I didn’t think you’d mind.† â€Å"We’ve discussed this.† He gave a long-suffering sigh. â€Å"I fuck her until she dies, and then I do it some more. A deal is a deal.† â€Å"That just isn’t going to work for me. Sorry.† Billy swung the gun in her direction, and Lydia disappeared. Nic and I stood gaping at the place where she’d been an instant before. â€Å"I hate it when she does that,† Billy muttered. Edward had been creeping forward while Billy’s attention was elsewhere. Almost as an afterthought, Billy’s elbow shot out and clipped the old man in the mouth. Edward’s head snapped back and he fell to the ground, but he didn’t pass out. Sometimes I wondered if Edward was human himself. Billy shifted his icy stare to mine. â€Å"Soon, Doctor. Remember everything I ever told you.† Black spots danced in front of my eyes. When they went away, so had Billy. Nic was at my side. I couldn’t help it, I turned my face into his neck and hid. Even with ancient Ojibwe women buried in shallow graves, murder, mayhem, and a ghost wolf army on the rise, the world had still been a much cheerier place without Billy in it. â€Å"I’m okay.† I’d found my voice. Hallelujah. So why wasn’t I screaming mindlessly until someone locked me in a nice, safe, impenetrable white room? Because having Nic here helped more than I would have imagined. He was steady and sane – which put him two steps ahead of Billy. Sadly, Billy was about two hundred steps ahead when it came to strength and power. We just couldn’t win. I took a deep whiff of Nic’s scent, trying to clear any remnant of Billy’s. Then I brushed my lips against his chin and lifted my head. Nic gazed at me with concern. â€Å"So that was Billy Bailey,† he said. â€Å"Creepy son of a bitch.† â€Å"Let’s kill him.† Edward struggled to his feet. â€Å"You neglected to mention that Gypsies have superpowers, too.† I looked at Nic. â€Å"That I did not know.† â€Å"It explains how she found out about you.† â€Å"How?† My mind wasn’t keeping up very well – too full of Billy. â€Å"If she can disappear and appear at will, she could know anything.† I saw Nic’s point. Lydia didn’t need to tap our phones or pay our enemies for information. All she had to do was become invisible and walk inside the compound. â€Å"Why didn’t she kill me before now?† â€Å"She needed you here for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nic shrugged. â€Å"Something?† ‘Terrific.† I glanced at Edward. â€Å"So explain why Gypsies have superpowers.† â€Å"Most do not.† â€Å"Did she, or did she not, just go poof?† â€Å"She did.† He sighed. â€Å"Lydia is not only a Gypsy but a witch.† â€Å"Witch?† Nic asked. â€Å"Since when are there witches?† He turned to me. â€Å"Did you know there were witches?† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"And you didn’t tell me?† â€Å"You want a rundown on every supernatural creature we’ve encountered?† He thought a minute, then said, â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"If we’re still alive next week, remind me to make you a list.† I turned my ire on Edward. â€Å"Why didn’t you tell us she could disappear?† â€Å"Even if I had known, what good would it have done to tell you? Could you have prevented the disappearance?† I rubbed my forehead. â€Å"What do you know about her?† If I focused on Lydia, maybe I’d quit seeing Billy’s eyes fixed on me. I doubted it, but anything was worth a try. â€Å"Her grandmother was removed from one of the death camps and sent to Mengele.† â€Å"Her grandfather?† â€Å"Was also at the laboratory in the Black Forest.† â€Å"And then?† â€Å"They were released, along with the werewolf army.† â€Å"That’s all?† He shrugged. â€Å"Witches are hard to identify. They do not sprout tails. They do not suck blood. They do not rise from their graves. They are just magic.† Just? â€Å"Does anyone find it odd that the usual familiar helps a witch, but a werewolf familiar is a witch?† Nic pointed out. â€Å"Not all Gypsies are witches,† Edward said. â€Å"Only the pure have magic – witches for want of a better term. Mengele used that blood to concoct his werewolves.† â€Å"Magic Gypsy witch blood to make werewolves,† I muttered. I did remember something about that in my notes, but since I’d doubted it would help me find a cure, I’d pushed the information to the back of my mind. â€Å"Where did you meet Lydia?† â€Å"I was acquainted with her grandmother.† Something flickered in Edward’s eyes, and he looked away. How well had he known the woman? I considered the suspicion. Edward could no more have an affair with a werewolf familiar than he could †¦ what? Employ a werewolf? â€Å"You didn’t think it was a good idea to keep track of these people?† I asked. â€Å"Of course. But as they are magic, they have a habit of slipping out of our reach.† â€Å"And the name Lydia didn’t set off any alarm bells?† â€Å"It is a common enough name.† â€Å"If you’re lost in the forties,† Nic muttered. â€Å"I will admit, I made an error not keeping better track of the witches.† Edward steepled his fingers. â€Å"But let us discuss your error, Elise.† â€Å"Mine?† â€Å"Billy isn’t dead.† Oh, that error. â€Å"Get over it,† Nic interjected. â€Å"Excuse me?† Edward lifted a brow. â€Å"He isn’t dead, but he will be as soon as I find him.† Nic reached for his weapon, frowned. â€Å"And my gun.† He started off in the direction of his pistol, then stopped and turned back. â€Å"I’m confused. To make the witchie wolves, dead people need to be bitten by a werewolf in human form?† â€Å"That’s the theory.† â€Å"As near as we can tell, the bites were all from the same mouth.† I nodded, though he knew this as well as I did. â€Å"A mouth we’ll assume to be Billy’s since there isn’t a pack of werewolves in Fairhaven – unless you count the ghost wolves.† â€Å"There is a point soon, correct?† Edward murmured. â€Å"People were disappearing before we got here, and we have a lot more ghost wolves than two, so how could Billy have bitten anyone if he was locked in a compound in Montana?† From the silence that settled over the clearing, no one had a definite answer for that, but Edward usually had an educated guess. Today was no different. â€Å"Perhaps another werewolf came first. Once Billy arrived, he killed him.† â€Å"That would be a Billy thing to do,† I agreed. â€Å"Except Damien said there was no werewolf here but him until I arrived.† â€Å"Damien could have been wrong,† Edward pointed out. Could have been, but I doubted it. Damien had been a werewolf for nearly sixty years; he knew how to identify another like himself. â€Å"Let us find Billy, ask him, then kill him,† Edward suggested. â€Å"Or just kill him.† â€Å"You know what my vote is,† I said. â€Å"Why did they let us go?† Nic asked. â€Å"Billy could have killed any, or all, of us. Lydia wants you dead, Elise, yet she took off. Why?† â€Å"They must realize we will come after them,† Edward continued. â€Å"The full moon is tonight. Billy will have to change.† â€Å"And I’ll be waiting for him,† Nic murmured. â€Å"Wait.† Edward held up a long bony hand. â€Å"If they want us to hunt under the full moon, we will not.† â€Å"Wrong,† I said, at the same time Nic snapped, â€Å"Like hell.† Edward and I turned to Nic as he lifted, then lowered, one shoulder. â€Å"I don’t like how Billy spoke to you, Elise.† â€Å"You should have heard him in the compound,† I muttered, then shivered again at the memory. â€Å"I did not say we would not hunt.† Edward sounded exasperated. â€Å"Nor that we would not kill him and anything else that gets in our way.† â€Å"What did you say?† Nic asked. â€Å"Silver works on werewolves in the daytime as well as the night. In human form as well as the form of a wolf.† Understanding spread across Nic’s face, followed closely by excitement. â€Å"We’ll shoot him in the daylight. He won’t even know what hit him.† â€Å"Only this one time,† Edward ordered. â€Å"Billy is a special case.† Edward frowned on us shooting people with silver in broad daylight, no matter how certain we might be of their true nature. In his defense, flaming humans were a lot harder to explain than flaming wolves. â€Å"Fine. One-time deal only. Now where’s my gun?† â€Å"You will need a rifle, as well,† Edward said. â€Å"I have an arsenal in the trunk.† He always did. Nic practically skipped off to shop at the firearm bonanza, as I stalked toward Edward. I did not want Nic going after Billy. Billy was insane. â€Å"Nic isn’t a Jger-Sucher† I whispered. â€Å"Since when does he get to pick a rifle and join the party?† â€Å"Since we are shorthanded, and you are nothing short of horrific with a gun.† My chin went up. â€Å"I have other talents.† â€Å"Not in the daytime. Besides.† Edward nodded toward the Cadillac. â€Å"I doubt you will be able to stop him.† Nic was going through the rifles with an ease born of practice. His face held a determination I recognized. He wouldn’t be dissuaded from hunting Billy. â€Å"Fine.† I threw up my hands. â€Å"But he goes with you.† â€Å"Not you?† â€Å"You’re the best. Except for Leigh.† Edward scowled but didn’t argue since I was right, then he stomped over to the trunk, yanked out his favorite rifle, and began to bark orders. â€Å"Franklin, you are with me.† â€Å"But – † Nic glanced in my direction, and I shrugged as if I had nothing to say about anything. Though I didn’t want Nic out of my sight ever again, he’d be safer with Edward. Especially since Billy seemed to have a hard-on for me. â€Å"We will meet at the cabin before dusk. If one of us has accomplished the task, fire three rounds into the air, then return to town.† I glanced at the Cadillac. â€Å"What about the car?† Edward’s long-suffering sigh made me want to melt into the earth with shame, same as it had when I was three. â€Å"Drive the vehicle back to town. Walk out from there, Agent Franklin and I walk in from here. We will flush him from his hiding place.† Was I supposed to know this trick without ever having been told? Apparently. Edward moved toward the trees. Nic stepped after him, then glanced in my direction and paused. Though it was the height of unprofessionalism, I went into his arms. Edward didn’t even bother to snicker, snort, or be snide. He must think we were all going to die. â€Å"Be careful,† I couldn’t help but murmur. Sure, he was an FBI agent, but this was a Billy and Lord knows what else. â€Å"You won’t be safe until he’s dead.† Nic released me with a final squeeze. I tried one more time. â€Å"Maybe you should go – â€Å" â€Å"Where? I think I’m better off with Mandenauer and enough guns and ammo to outfit a small country than I am at the cabin alone or on my way to the airport in a flimsy steel car.† He was probably right. Nevertheless, I didn’t like this at all. â€Å"Meet you in Fairhaven before dusk, if not sooner.† I nodded, then glanced at my boss as Nic joined him. The old man acknowledged my query with a single sharp nod. Billy would not get to Nic. Not while Edward was alive. Of course, Edward being dead was just another one of my mountain of worries. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty-Two, Essay examples

Management Report on a Live Street Food

Question: Describe about the street food event that took place on 9th December 2015 at the Atrium Court in Cavendish, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK? Answer: This management report relates to a street food event that took place on 9th December 2015 at the Atrium Court in Cavendish, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. The food stall was named Fusion Illusion that consisted of four different types of cuisines namely, French, Greek, Romanian and Indian. The main theme of the foods stall was to depict the concept of multiculturalism. This idea was influenced by the fact that the students involved in this food stall belonged from four different ethnic backgrounds (Turner, 2014). The soul of this theme was to combine all the cultural essence of these four countries and present them through a common link food. Food is considered an integral part of the tourism industry and is one of the main attractions of tourists. Food has the unique feature of attracting all the senses of a human being at the same time. It was the objective of Fusion to combine the essence of multiculturalism and present it as a tribute by altering the traditional dishes and giving them a new exotic look and taste. While undertaking this transformation, due care was taken so that ingenuity is kept intact and authenticity of the ingredients is maintained. Through Fusion, the students attempted to bring to the forefront the fact that Manchester consists of people belonging from various backgrounds and this helped the city to maintain societal harmony and peace. Success of the Theme and Concept This objective of the Fusion to offer a good combination of various cuisines turned out to be very successful among the customers. The event was a huge hit and the stall gained much appreciation. The pivotal point of success was the variety of food brought by the group in a jiggled and exotic manner. In this course, due care was taken in maintaining food safety and hygiene standards. Importance was also given to the allergy risks that could arise due to the consumption of the foods. This is visible in the allergy chart prepared by the group and appended at the end of the operational plan. Therefore, it can be said that the primary objectives of the group was successfully implemented and attained at the end of the event. The theme also proved to be a huge success and the concept of social integration through food was clearly visible (Meredith, 2011). Sustainability The concept of sustainability has gained much importance in recent times. Businesses are actively looking for means of achieving sustainable development. The concept of sustainability in the food industry carries a special importance along with it. It is obvious that food and food habits of people are sensitive and in order to excel in this industry as a business concern it is very much necessary to offer food that is safe and hygienic. This was the outlook of the group from sustainable business point of view (Kerzner, 2013). Sustainability also carries with it some social, cultural and environmental factors that have become indispensable. All these factors were taken care of by Fusion as it employed a number of methods as tools to achieve this objective. Labelling of the products and informative charts were used by Fusion to communicate its efforts directed towards achieving sustainability. For example, Fusion maintained the Good Food Guide for Festival and Street-food Caterers as p roposed by the Food Legacy Programme in partnership with Sustains Ethical Eats and A Greener Festival (Good Food Guide for Festival and Street-food Caterers, 2015). Environment friendly food was offered which were procured locally to support the local small businesses. The most innovative step taken by Fusion was the use of blackboards to convey important information about the food being served. Fusion emphasized on the fact that their customers should be aware of the nature and type of food their customers is consuming (Hargreaves and Fink, 2012). Therefore, it can be inferred that Fusion took effective and efficient steps towards attaining sustainability. Success of the Decision Making Process Planning and executing the whole venture required crucial decision making by the members of Fusion. The process of decision-making is considered to be one of the most important aspects of management function. As the venture was small and was concentrated within the University, the scope of the decision making process was precise and much more functional. The group conducted a detailed primary research in order to achieve its pre-determined objectives of attaining sustainability and promoting multiculturalism through food (Selznick, 2011). Job responsibilities were assigned according to the degree of conformability of the members and this turned out to be advantageous for the venture. The members possess international strategic experience that catered to an effective decision making process. This in turn, has helped Fusion to be a successful business venture. Food Production A detailed discussion of the elements of the food production will depict the role they played in the success of the venture. Standard Recipes, Production Methods and Costs The main characteristic of street food is that they can be made easily and without consuming a considerable amount of time. Food can be served as readymade and these foods can be consumed while moving such as while going for work in the morning. The products have been segmented in order of their appearance, the degree of healthiness, uniqueness and others. The recipes included Romanian, Greek, French and Indian food in a contemporary style and exotic manner. Traditional dishes were experimented on and this provided fruitful results and was able to contribute towards the success of the venture (Burke, 2013). The production methods used were directed towards minimizing waste by preventing producing poor quality food and beverages. These factors contributed towards minimizing costs by Fusion largely. Work Schedules Scheduling and organizing the whole event was a challenge. However, proper scheduling was resorted to and this helped Fusion in fulfilling its targets. The work schedule along with the responsibilities assigned was critically done with the help of a Gantt chart. This contributed in achieving the pre-determined targets. Plan of the Working Areas As mentioned above, allocation of key responsibilities and scheduling of work was done by the help of a Gantt chart. The areas of work were divided among the members of the group. Some responsibilities were delegated according to their expertise and the team as a whole took up some responsibilities. The objectivity of formulating a structured plan has catered to the needs of Fusion as a venture (Keller, Parameswaran and Jacob, 2011). Critical Control Points and Risk Assessment Risks are closely related to any business venture. In the present case, food safety and hygiene was the primary point of concern. Food hygiene has always been a concern for street foods. Fusion took personal care in maintaining the standards and offering safe and hygienic food to its customers. It also took due care in communication information about allergies with the help of charts and blackboards. This reflects honesty and integrity of Fusion and this enabled them to attract a huge amount of customers. Training Documentation Training documentation forms an important part of a business. Essential training are required to be given to the staff (in this case the members), in order to serve the customers in a much more efficient manner. Documenting the learning objectives of a training session helps the member perform better and following up their drawbacks. All these are directed towards serving the customers better (Health Knowledge, 2010). Food and Beverage Costs The costs of food and beverage were kept at a minimum and every item was offered within the range of 2. This made their food affordable and much more enjoyable as consisted variety. The revenue generated was almost double the total costs and the venture recorded a gross profit margin of 48.91%. These figures prove that minimizing costs proved to be beneficial for the venture. Staff Appraisal Form The staff appraisal form that is appended at the end of the operational plan is a means of getting feedback from the customers. As Fusion was not a regular food stall customer feedback holds special importance for it. It depicts the overall quality of food and services rendered by Fusion and provide a clear idea about consumer perception (Health Knowledge, 2010). Comment on Services Creation of Mood and Atmosphere Attaining consumer satisfaction is the ultimate goal of any business enterprise. Atmosphere in which the event has been held has a considerable amount of influence on the customers that ultimately lead to the success of Fusion. An ideal atmosphere influences the choices made by the customers and develops a mood for consumption. This propensity to consume generates revenue for the business. Design of Menu The menu provided the customers with the option of choosing from a number of alternatives with different backgrounds. Beverages offered also had a touch of this variety. The menu design promoted the concept of availability of healthy food at an affordable price. The information communicated by Fusion helped its customers to make an informed decision about their food choices. Service Style and Room Layout As Fusion was a fast food style, food was served quickly and in a simple manner so that people can enjoy it while doing their other important works. The food was kept half ready before the order is made so that it can serve the food readymade when ordered. The food was hand served and this saved time of both the seller and the buyer. As Fusion was designed to be a street food stall, the ideal layout would have been a food cart or food truck. These prove the facility of a large serving place that caters to the needs of the customers to the full extent. Management Marketing activities are based on the activities of the management and the concept of the management on how to achieve the pre-determined goal of the business. In order to achieve these objectives the management is actively involved in making and implementing strategies and policies in this regard. Effective working of the management depends greatly on the management functions. Leadership is one of such functions of the management that influences the outcomes of the business activities undertaken by the business organization. The management and the managers are required to show effective leadership qualities so that responsibility can be delegated to them in a proper manner (Businessballs.com, 2015). As mentioned above, leadership is a function of the management and provides a momentum to business activities if practiced in a positive and functional manner. Effective leadership provides a proper direction to implement the policies of the management (Learn-to-be-a-leader.com, 2015). In this backdrop, there are some popular theories of management and leadership that can be resorted to for gaining success by Fusion. In terms of leadership, John Adairs Action-Centred Leadership Model can be adopted and the management as a whole may adopt the theory of Henri Fayol depicting unity of command. Both these theories are dependent on the functional efficiency of the management and its leadership qualities (Leadership, 2015). There is a slight difference between the viewpoints of Chris Mitchell and the suggested theories. As the venture is small, Chris suggested active participation of all the members. On the other hand, the proposed theories promote the idea of centralized planning and cont rol. Marketing and Merchandising The target market was well defined and the group conducted extensive research work in this regard. The target customers mainly included students and university staff. The market was well segmented in the operational plan and was well defined in terms of products offered to the target customers (Meredith, 2011). In future if the event is repeated, there will be attempts to expand the market reach and increase the target customers. This will surely generate extra revenue for Fusion and will result in achieving success at a greater level. Finance From the financial point of view, the success of Fusion is clearly visible. The cost of production was kept at a minimum level and this made their food affordable to the customers. The forecasted sales figure was 225 in terms of food. In addition to this, projected sales of beverages are taken to be 50. Therefore, the total projected sales figure comes to 275. The overall forecasted gross profit was assumed approximately 78.35%. As per the viewpoint of the members of Fusion, the event was a success, they were able to recover all their costs, and in this process, they made a considerable amount of profit. The main reason behind this success is minimization of cost that resulted in maximization of profits. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Burke, R., 2013.Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Businessballs.com, (2015)Free leadership theory training materials, leadership theories guide - what is leadership? 'how to' leadership, leadership tips, leadership skills educational articles for leadership and management training, how to be an effective leader. [Online] [Accessed on 28 December 2015] https://www.businessballs.com/leadership-theories.htm#leadership-models. Good Food Guide for Festival and Street-food Caterers. (2015) 1st ed. [ebook] [Accessed on 28 December 2015] https://www.agreenerfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/GOOD_FOOD_stallholder_guide.pdf. Hargreaves, A. and Fink, D., 2012.Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Health Knowledge, (2010)Basic management models and theories associated with motivation and leadership and be able to apply them to practical situations and problems. [Online] [Accessed on 28 December 2015] https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/organisation-management/5c-management-change/basic-management-models. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leadership. (2015) 1st ed. [ebook] [Accessed on 28 December 2015] https://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/C80ED8CF-2ED1-4141-8B96-9D5697A5993F/0/9781843982173_sc.pdf. Learn-to-be-a-leader.com, (2015)Leadership theories, leadership models and leadership principles.. [Online] [Accessed on 28 December 2015] https://www.learn-to-be-a-leader.com/leadership-theories.html. Meredith Belbin, R., 2011. Management teams: Why they succeed or fail.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(3). Selznick, P., 2011.Leadership in administration: A sociological interpretation. Quid Pro Books. Turner, J.R., 2014.The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). McGraw-hill.

Robin Bloor and relational database an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Robin Bloor and relational database When you put your car in a garage, you put it as one thing complete with its capabilities. You dont put your car in the garage and store its steering, transmission, signaling and lighting functions somewhere else. (Robin Bloor, para 4) Introduction Robin Bloor, in his article, The failure of relational database, the rise of object technology and the need for the hybrid database cites a very common example, to demonstrate the state of relational database. In this article he categorically analyses the evolution of relational database and the object oriented technology. He discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both the technical advancements. At the end, after citing the shortcomings of both, he puts forward the new development which tries to overcome the shortcomings of both these technologies in one product known as object-relational database or cache. Need essay sample on "Robin Bloor and relational database" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This essay , is an effort to opine about the validity of whatever Robin Bloor has to say in this article, and decide if his judgments are purely commerce oriented or have technical justifications also. Background It is a matter of general knowledge that the need to analyze and sort the data of American census, gave birth to the modern day computer in the 1940s. Since then, the way databases have been handled has constantly changed for the better. Till the personal computers came in 1970s, databases were analyzed by batch processing method, which was very slow, cumbersome and expensive. In 1970, American scientist Edgar F. Codd presented the relational model to analyze and sort data, when he was working at IBM. Later, in the last decade of the twentieth century, the concept of object evolved. Robin Bloor examines the evolution of relational database and object oriented technology, and proposes a solution which overcomes the limitations of these two technological developments. Contents of Bloors paper in brief While discussing relational database, Bloor mentions that one of the foundations of relational theory is that the data and the program that uses it should be independent of each other. Our Customers Often Tell EssayLab professionals: Who wants to write paper for me? Specialists advise: Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ Papers For Sale Cheap Writing Service Reviews Grab My Essay Review Essay Company Review This was and is at odds with the whole idea of object technology. He gives the example of a car taken as an object, and refutes the idea of data and its associated processes being independent of each other. He strongly advocates that data and its associated processes cannot be and should not be separated. Bloor cites one more limitation of relational database. He says that , Relational databases are more constrained in their capabilities than most would suspect. Storing and representing some fairly common data structures, can be very difficult. He takes the example of a simple ordered list of bus stops. Relational databases only hold tables as unordered lists and can retrieve an ordered list only if a specially built index is added. An object database does not need index. Performance overhead is another concern of Bloor. He says that, in relational database, to assemble data, developers have to JOIN one table to another to another to another. While retrieving, database runs optimiz ation routines, to determine the best way to gather data and then retrieves it. This process often takes a long time. This does not happen with object database. Impedance mismatch, is another problem cited by Bloor. He says, The problem surfaced when OO languages rose to dominance. The differences between the way data was handled by OO languages and the relational database. In reality most databases are not completely normalized when they are implemented , but even so, the problems of impedance mismatch occur. Conclusively, Bloor suggests a possible solution, by mentioning that, the approach involves providing the databases, with a mapping laye r through which developers access the database. The mapping layers should be based on open standards to resolve the impedance mismatch problem. Database calls could then be made either in SQL or direct requests to an object class or collection of classes. The mapping layer would translate these calls, into physical data requests, to the database to retrieve the data. This would obviate the impedance mismatch.( Robin Bloor) Relational database A relational database is a database that conforms to the relational model. It could also be defined as a set of relations or a database built in RDBMS. An RDBMS is many times called a relational database, but strictly speaking, Oracle, Microsoft SQL server, MySQl are not relational databases. . they do not fully conform to the relational model.(relational database) It is common knowledge that query languages which were developed purely on the relational model, never found the commercial acceptance. Object database In object oriented database, information is represented in the form of objects. When database capabilities are combined with object programming language capabilities, the result is an object database management system. Object databases are generally recommended when there is a business need for high performance processing on complex data. Most object databases also offer some kind of query language, allowing objects to be found by more declarative progra mming approach. Access to data can be faster, because joins are often not needed. The pointer based techniques of object oriented databases proves to be slow for general purpose queries. Another disadvantage object oriented database is lack of interoperability with great number of features. ( OODBMS) A closer look at Bloors article and the definitions of relational database and OODBMS in an encyclopedia reveals that Bloor is very correct in whatever statements he has made about relational database are correct and they are very much reflected in other sources also. The biggest proof of Bloors claim on failure of relational database is that even after 40 years since the invention of relational model by Codd, there is no query language strictly adhering to it. Whatever languages were developed in such a way, never met with commercial success. ( Edgar Codd) An interesting point to be made here is that, even when Codd presented his relational theory, IBM , where he was working, never gave much attention to it unless, companies like Oracle and others used Codds relational model to develop query language. (Edgar Codd) This suggests that IBM foresaw the difficulties in pure implementation of Codds model. 40 years of history has proved this right. Bloors article and technology guide of Intersystems Bloor harps upon the shortcomings of relational database and Object based database in his article. He synthesizes these difficulties and proposes a solution in terms of object- relation database. His company, Intersystems, in its technology guide, cites the same reasons as Bloor has cited in his article, especially impedance mismatch, and names the solution as cache. The article fully echoes the technology guide.( technology guide) MSIMT courses and commerce All academics, including this course, are turning towards commerce, because the whole world is in the grip of creation of wealth, still more and still more of it. The ultimate aim of all activities is generation of wealth. In the history of mankind, never before, was such a mad rush for wealth witnessed, as witnessed in the later part of 20th century. This is perhaps the reason why academics is also getting closely related to commercial applications and its feasibility. Conclusion Robin Bloor is a smart technocrat with a commercial vision. He has carefully analyzed the weak points underlying the relational database and object based database, and shown a practical workable solution to the difficulties faced in implementation of the two. His paper is not just a commercial for cache, but a very legitimate guide to analysis of an existing problem, and development of technically feasible and commercially viable solution, ultimately leading to opening of new busi ness opportunities and helping the IT community. The future history of IT may take the innovation of cache by intersyatems, as a landmark discovery that changed the way databases were handled. Works-cited page Robin Bloor, The failure of relational database , the rise of object technology and the need for hybrid database, cache technology, cache innovations, Intersystems Relational database, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 8-11-2006 Retrieved on 4-12-2006 Object Database, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 23-11-06, Retrieved on 4-12-06 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_database> Edgar F.Codd, Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 4-12-2006, Retrieved on 4-12-2006 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd> Technology guide, cache technology guide, cache innovations, retrieved on 4-12-2006

Synthesis of Aspirin Lab Report Essays

Synthesis of Aspirin Lab Report Essays Synthesis of Aspirin Lab Report Paper Synthesis of Aspirin Lab Report Paper Essay Topic: Synthesis After the reaction was complete some unrelated acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which Uses the principle of solubility, was then used to remove most of the impurities and caused the ecstatically acid to precipitate out of the solution. Next, the crude product was then purified by adding water which further lowered the solubility of ecstatically acid and dissolved some impurities from the crystal of aspirin. The aspirin was then isolated from the solution using a vacuum filtration apparatus. The percent yield of crude aspirin product was 91. 89%. To purify the crude aspirin product a rationalizations procedure was performed. The percent yield of the purified aspirin product was 5. 77%. Next a phenol test was performed on the crude aspirin product, the purified aspirin product, and salicylic acid as a control. The phenol test was to test the purity of the aspirin product that was created during the experiment. The crude aspirin product and the purified aspirin product had no color changes and remained orange when mixed with the iron (Ill) chloride solution, which means that there were no phenol groups in both the crude aspirin product and the purified aspirin product. The lack of action with the iron (Ill) chloride revealed that both the crude aspirin product and the purified aspirin product were pure aspirin. The salicylic acid turned into a dark purple color when mixed with the iron (Ill) chloride solution, which was expected since salicylic acid has phenol groups. Next a melting point test was performed on the purified aspirin product. The purified product started to melt at 86 degrees Celsius and finished completely melting at 102 degrees Celsius. The melting point of the purified product was lower than the expected 135 degree Celsius melting point of aspirin, which revealed to us that the purified aspirin reduce still contained some impurities. Introduction: As early as 3000 BC ancient cultures such as Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Chinese found that extracts from plants such as willow bark, meadowsweet, and myrtle possessed the ability to alleviate fever, pain, and inflammation. These plants contain a compound called silicates, which creates these curative attributes. Several of years later the folk remedy of plants containing silicates transformed into the cure-all medication known as aspirin. Today aspirin, also known as ecstatically acid, is an over the counter medication that is extremely popular and is used for relieving pain, reducing fever, reducing swelling, and slowing blood clotting. The history of aspirin began in 1763 when Edward Stone wrote a paper to the Royal Society of London that claimed that willow bark could cure ague, which is now known as malaria. Later it was found that the treatment did not actually cure malaria, but instead just reduced the fever of those with the disease. Nearly a century later, a Scottish physician found that Edward Stones extract could also be used to relieve the symptoms of acute rheumatism. Organic chemists began working with willow bark and many other plants to try and extract and isolate the active ingredients from them, in doing so it was found that the active ingredient was salicylic acid. Salicylic acid was then industrialized for medicinal use, but soon after industrialization it was found that salicylic acid was extremely limited as a treatment because of the acidic properties that cause severe irritation in the digestive tract. In 1 893, Felix Hofmann synthesized ecstatically acid, which has all of the same medicinal benefits as salicylic acid but it did not have the side effect of irritating the digestive tract. Hofmann worked for Brayer, which then named ecstatically acid compound aspirin. Aspirin became commercially available in 1899 and today it is estimated that over a trillion aspirin tablets have been consumed by those in need of its curative effects. In this experiment aspirin was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Salicylic acid was justified using acetic acid and sulfuric acid acting as a catalyst to produce ecstatically acid and acetic acid. The phenol group that will attack the carbonyl carbon of the acetic anhydride is the -OH group that is directly attached to the benzene since it is more basic than the -OH group attached to the carbonyl group. This method of forming ecstatically acid is n sterilization reaction. Since this sterilization reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Sulfuric acid serves as the acid catalyst since its conjugate base is a strong deportation group that is necessary in order for this reaction to be reversible. The need for the strong conjugate base is the reason why other strong acids such as HCI is not used since its conjugate base CLC- is very weak compared to HASH-. After the reaction was complete some unrelated acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which uses the principle of solubility, was then used to remove most of the impurities and caused the ecstatically acid to precipitate out of the solution. This precipitation happens because the solvent can no longer hold all of the solute molecules, and the molecules begin to leave the solution and form solid crystals. During this cooling, each solute molecule in turn approaches a growing crystal and rests on the crystal surface. If the geometry of the molecule fits that of the crystal, it will be more likely to remain on the crystal than it is to go back into the solution. Therefore, each growing crystal consists of only one type of molecule, the solute. The ecstatically acids solubility decreased and caused it to gradually precipitate out of the solution while the other compounds were left in solution because they were either a liquid at room temperature or have higher solubility and would not completely crystallize out of the solution. After the solution had come to room temperature, it was carefully submerged in an ice bath to complete the crystallization process. To purify the crude product, water was added to solution to further lower the solubility of ecstatically acid and to solve some of the impurities from the crystal. The chilled solution was then filtered through vacuum filtration to isolate the pure crystals. Vacuum filtration was the technique used for separating the solid aspirin product from the solvent or liquid reaction mixture. The mixture of solid and liquid was poured through a filter paper in a Boucher funnel. The solid aspirin product was trapped by the filter and the liquid was drawn through the funnel into the flask below it by a vacuum. The aspirin product that was collected still contained some impurities. The general reaction equation and the reaction mechanism are as follows: To purify the crude aspirin product a rationalizations procedure needed to be performed to remove impurities and to further purify it. Rationalizations utilizes the different solubility of the desired product and impurities included in the reaction mixture. So, when the solvent cools, only the impurities will remain dissolved and the pure product will crystallize out of the solution. The information we gather will allow us to determine the percent yield of the crude aspirin product and of the purified aspirin product. The percent yield is a way of measuring how successful a reaction has been. Percent yield problems allow us to calculate what percent of the expected product we are able to account for by the end of our experiment. Actual amount of product x 100 Percent yield amount of product Expected Next, a phenol test must be performed to determine the purity of the aspirin product. The impurities that could be in the purified aspirin product could be salicylic acid and other compounds that contain a hydroxyl group on a benzene ring and are known as phenols. Phenols form a highly colored complex with iron (Ill) chloride that can range from a pale to dark purple depending on the incineration of the phenol group present in the solution. Pure aspirin does not contain any phenol groups and should be enervative when mixed with the iron (Ill) chloride solution and should remain orange in color. Another way the purity of the sample is tested is through a melting point test on the purified aspirin product. A pure compound has a specific range in which it melts and it is normally a fairly small range. If the melting point of the purified aspirin sample is lower than the expected or if it has a very broad range compared to the actual range, then the sample still contains some impurities. Experimental: In a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask add 5 ml of acetic anhydride, 1. Egg of salicylic acid, and 5 drops of sulfuric acid. Swirl the mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask for approximately one minute so that all of its contents have completely dissolved. Heat the mixture using a water bath for 10 minutes. The water bath temperature should not exceed 50 degrees Celsius. While heating the mixture, measure out 70 ml of ODL water and then put it in a 100 ml beaker. Also, set up an ice bath for the mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask as well as a second ice bath for the 100 ml beaker while waiting for the mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask to heat. After he mixture has heated for 10 minutes, remove it from the water bath and allow it to cool to room temperature. Crystallization should begin once the solution reaches room temperature. If crystallization does not occur use a glass stirring rod and with strong force scratch the bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask. Cool the Erlenmeyer flask containing the mixture in the ice bath set up previously for 20 minutes. At the same time place the 100 ml beaker containing 70 ml ODL water in the second ice bath set up previously for 20 minutes. While waiting for those items to cool, set up the vacuum filtration apparatus. After 20 minutes of lolling, take 50 ml of the 70 ml now cooled ODL water from the 100 ml beaker and add it to the 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask that contains the mixture. Leave the 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask that contains the mixture in its ice bath and allow it to cool for an extra 5 minutes. Also leave the remaining 20 ml of DID water in the 100 ml beaker in its ice bath. After cooling for an additional 5 minutes, pour the contents in the ml Erlenmeyer flask into a Boucher funnel attached to the vacuum filtration apparatus. Make sure to get as much of the product into the Boucher funnel as possible. Use the remaining 20 ml of ODL water in the 100 ml shaker to rinse out the 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask and wash the product in the Boucher funnel. Allow the sample to vacuum dry for 5 minutes. While waiting for the sample to vacuum dry weigh a weigh boat. After the sample has dried for 5 minutes, turn off the vacuum filtration apparatus and retrieve the crude product from the Boucher funnel and place it in the previously weighed weigh boat. Weigh the weigh boat with sample inside and record the mass of the crude product formed. Calculate the percent yield of the product formed. Next, place a few crystals of the crude product in a test tube labeled A and put to the side for later use. Reweigh your sample and record the new mass sample. Now place the crude product from the weigh boat in a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask and add 3 ml of ethyl acetate. Heat the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask in a water bath (not to exceed 50 degrees Celsius) until all of the product has dissolved. After 5 minutes if the product has not completely dissolved, add ml more of ethyl acetate. Place the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing the product and ethyl acetate directly on the hot plate at 50 degrees Celsius. Raise the temperature of the hot plate to 125 degrees Celsius so that the solution boils. Keep a close eye on the Erlenmeyer flask. Heat the mixture for 5 minutes. After heating the mixture for 5 minutes, gravity filter what is in the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask through filter paper. Put what goes through the filter paper back in the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask and add petroleum ether drop by drop until crystals begin to form. If crystals do not form, place the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask on a hot plate at 125 degrees Celsius with a boiling stone in the mixture. Wait for the mixture to boil and then let it boil for 5 minutes. After boiling for 5 minutes remove the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask and remove the boiling stone. Allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. Scratch the bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask with a glass stirring rod with strong force. Place the Erlenmeyer flask in an ice bath for 30 minutes. Pour the contents in the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask into a Boucher funnel attached to a vacuum filtration apparatus. Allow the product to vacuum dry for 5 minutes. While waiting for the sample to vacuum dry weigh a weigh boat. After the sample has dried for 5 minutes, turn off the vacuum filtration apparatus and retrieve the purified product from the Boucher funnel and place it in the previously weighed weigh boat. Weigh the weigh boat with sample inside and record the mass of the reified product formed. Calculate the percent yield of the product formed. Next, place a few crystals of the purified product in a test tube labeled B. Next perform the phenol test. You must have three test tubes, one labeled A with the crude aspirin product in it, one labeled B with the purified aspirin product in it, and one labeled C with salicylic acid in it. The third test tube labeled C is a control. Add 10 drops of iron (Ill) chloride to each test tube. Record the color observations. After recording the color of each test tube dispose of the waste into the appropriate waste container. Next, obtain a capillary tube. Fill the capillary tube with dry purified product. Invert the capillary tube and stick the open end of the capillary tube in the densest part of the crystal sample. Turn the capillary tube back to the upright position. The crystal product will be stuck at the top of the capillary tube. Tap the crystal product down to the bottom of the capillary tube. Load the capillary tube into the melting point apparatus and begin heating. Record the temperature range that the sample melts within. Once the melting point has been determined turn off the apparatus so it may cool and dispose of your capillary tube in the appropriate waste bin. Clean and dry any glassware used and return it to the appropriate location. Results: Conclusion: The mass of the crude aspirin product was 4. 791 g. Due to apparent wetness of the product it is estimated that half of the mass is due to moisture. Taking this into account, the actual mass of the crude aspirin product is reduced to 2. Egg. The theoretical yield of crude aspirin product is 2. Egg. This information gave us a percent yield of 91. 89%. The mass of the purified aspirin product was 0. 301 g. Due to apparent wetness of the product it is estimated that half of the mass is uh to moisture. Taking this into account, the actual mass of the purified aspirin product is reduced to O. Egg. The percent yield of purified aspirin product was 5. 77%. This low percent yield of purified aspirin product was due to a few different factors. The first factor that caused a low percent yield was caused because we lost some crude product when we were moving our crude product from the weigh boat to the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Another factor that could have caused a low percent yield was that when no crystals formed after adding drops of petroleum ether we placed our 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask back on the to plate at 125 degrees Celsius. We could have accidentally boiled off some of our product. The third factor that caused a low percent yield of our purified product was that when we vacuum filtered our purified product, some of our purified product fell through the filter and into the side arm flask. Maybe if we hadnt turned the water on so high it might not have fell through the filter. The results of the phenol test were that test tube A, which contained crude aspirin product, had no change in color and remained orange upon adding iron (Ill) chloride. This led us to believe that our crude aspirin product did not contain NY phenol groups and was pure aspirin. Test tube B, which contained purified aspirin product also had no change in color and remained orange upon adding iron (Ill) chloride. This led us to believe that our purified aspirin product did not contain any phenol group and was pure aspirin. Test tube C, which contained salicylic acid, had an extreme change in color and turned dark purple. This was an expected result because salicylic acid has phenol groups and when iron (Ill) chloride is added it turned dark purple due to the concentration of the phenol groups present in the solution. Test tube C was our control.

Berlioz Bicentennial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Berlioz Bicentennial - Essay Example With Currie sounding each drum, mallet, or "metal" to an ever-repeating rhythmic figure, various orchestral soloists and ensemble groups simultaneously define the melody or motif. Torke's expressed goal is to use these devices to get the listener "grooved into a rapturous state". Except for parts of the marimba movement, I was chiseled into an unrelentingly bored state. In this work, Torke commits an unpardonable sin: most of his forces go unheard. Specifically, the full string complement, the full wind complement, and the harp are seen busily sawing, blowing, and plucking away with only occasional audible evidence of their presence. The listener hears only the trumpets and trombones vying for attention with Currie's fearsome forward phalanx. The audience did give hearty applause at Rapture's conclusion and reportedly bought considerable numbers of its Naxos CD recording during intermission. In my view, however, they were sustaining a collective placebo effect from Torke's pre-performance address to them regarding the "sexual rapture" and related concepts. Like the 12-tone music of nearly a century ago, Rapture needs to be studied not merely heard to be appreciated.

Review on Ghost Soldiers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review on Ghost Soldiers - Essay Example Ignorance remains an integral reason as to why people remain clueless about the experiences of soldiers engaged in war (Shlachter, 2001). In addition, the traumatized soldiers’ training expects them to remain resilient and not break under pressure. As a result, many of them suffer in silence from the traumatic experiences. They avoid recounting to their family and friends about what they went through during the deployment periods (Shlachter, 2001). Therefore, Hampton Riley’ Ghost Soldiers’ provides an exhilarating tale of the lives of US soldiers engaged in a dangerous mission during World War II. This novel provides insightful information for people possessing extremely limited knowledge on the experiences faced by soldiers at war (Shlachter, 2001). The setting of Hampton‘s novel is in January 28, 1945 during the World War II. He gives a narration of the experiences of the 121 hand-picked troops chosen to form the 6th Ranger Battalion (Riley, 2002). Their mission was to slip behind enemy lines in the Philippines and try to rescue the 513 Prisoners of Wars (POWs) of British and American descent. Their captors subjected them to inhumane conditions during both the time of the Bataan death march and the three year captivity period at a camp near the city of Cabanatuan (Riley, 2002). The 6th ranger battalion thought they would be dealing with only a few dozen prison guards. However, as they continued to advance deeper behind the enemy lines, it became clear that Cabanatuan had become a significant transshipment point for the Japanese soldiers. As a result, the 6th Ranger soldiers would have to face as many as 8,000 soldiers (Hoover, 2001). Hampton gives a detailed, gruesome narration of what the soldiers had to endure in order for their mission to prove successful. In his account, he applauds the leadership tactics employed by Lt. Col Henry Mucci; leader of the 6th Ranger Battalion (Riley, 2002). Hampton intricately combines three differe nt stories meshing them into one tale. The first tale revolves around the atrocities committed by the Japanese (Riley, 2002). Hampton delves into the details of the fundamental differences in culture. He also addresses the errors in Judgment, for example, there existed an assumption that only 25,000 American and Filipino troops were available to take part in the Bataan Death March; the actual number was 100,000. Hamptons diverges from the exploits of the soldiers providing an entirely different outlook of ‘high pockets’; individuals who risk their lives to become spies for the US (Riley, 2002). Claire Phillips rises into prominence in Hampton’s accounts of these risk takers. She pretends to be of Italian descent and starts the Tubaki night club despite the fact that she is a GI’s wife. She manages to spy on the Japanese soldiers supplying the information gathered to the local guerillas (Riley, 2002). The High Pockets’ run comes to an end when the Ja panese secret police manage to capture them. The final story revolves around the 6th Rangers Battalion’s mission to rescue the POWs. Hampton provides details on the choosing of the 121 soldiers to form the Battalion. The detailed information provided in the content affirms his dedication to his work; the research done proves impeccable (Riley, 2002). Hampton provides an epic end to his book through the successful rescue of the POWs. The warm welcome of the captives in San Francisco leaves readers heart lifted after the previous heartbreaking stories narrated in the book (Riley, 2002). Ghost Soldiers; is a thrilling battle saga in which author Hampton explores the mystery of human behavioral traits when faced with extreme, stressful conditions (Shlachter, 2001). His first take was on the POWs

Leadership in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership in Management - Essay Example Though nowadays, even this statement can be proved false. I say this because the world, in which we are living, has become so advanced that we can even say that leaders can be made. But we will focus our study on a born leader. He is also known as a synonym for Apple Inc. He is Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs was born in 24th February 1955 in San Francisco. He stayed with his adopted parents since he was born because his own parents never accepted him. So since child hood he had a feeling of abundance, which created the fire within him to become a famous leader one day. Jobs co-founded Apple in his parent’s garage in the year 1976. Though he lost the tussle with the board of director in Apple and had to leave, he did not give up (Northouse, 2009, p. 2-4). He decided to start NeXT computers in 1985, which was acquired by Apple Inc. He had a unique quality from childhood to fight with his situations. So in this case also he never sat back to repent on the bitter experiences that he had i n his life. One of the most important qualities of a leader is to face defeat with a smile on face. Apple computer was in a very difficult position when Steve Jobs joined apple as the interim CEO. In the mean while he also bought Pixar, a computer graphics company in1986. Later Walt Disney bought it from him and Jobs became the highest individual shareholder and one of the board members of Walt Disney. This shows that he was a visionary. He was very well aware of the steps that he took and the results of his decisions. He had an excellent team of employees who gave shape to his dreams. He was a very harsh with his words. At many times he spoke harshly with his employees. But they never left him to go for another job. The employees of Apple Inc. would be welcomed at any big company. But the aura of Jobs was such that 80% of his harsh words were accepted to be true. He was considered to be a charismatic leader (New Charter University, 2012). Steve Jobs introduced a series of new produ cts like the Mac OS X, iTunes, iPod, iPads, and iPhone. He was a perfectionist and he was very clear with his product ideas and their performances in the market. So he always wanted that the best technology offered to the world market should a product from Apple. A true leader not only wants to stay ahead of his group but also ahead of everyone. He has earned a lot of recognition, awards and for his achievements. But the more important fact than this is that he has great leadership qualities which made him stand out from the rest. He entered Apple computers when it was on the verge of closure. He not only revived the company but made it a market leader. A far sighted leader can only perform such miracle. Background Leadership means influencing people. It signifies creating a change in the society and in the minds of people and directs them towards achieving a goal. The person possessing these qualities is considered a leader. A good leader is one who follows his followers as followe rs are those who appreciates the quality of a person and considers him their leader. Leaders do not accept the norms of the society as they are they go against the flow, to set their own path. A leader has certain important leadership traits such integrity, self-confidence, intelligence and determination. Steve Jobs possessed all these qualities. Not only did he possessed them but also utilized them to integrate others too. He was always confident about his innovations, determined that they would do well in the market and he was intelligent enough to shape them also in products. Moreover, he always followed an ethical style. I say this because

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay Discuss its causes, effects and the legal and other remedies available to deal with the problem. Analyse whether these remedies are sufficient or not and set out how you feel the issue is best dealt with. Domestic violence is undoubtedly a serious problem in modern society. Crime statistics in Ireland indicate that the Gardai record an average of twenty three incidents of domestic violence every day (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, domestic violence is certainly not a modern phenomenon. It has existed throughout the centuries but remained largely hidden and unrecorded. Traditionally, domestic violence has been considered a private matter rather than a criminal offence. Until the 19th century it was legal and socially acceptable for men to beat their wives (Dobash and Dobash 1979). Domestic violence is often associated with physical abuse only. However, research indicates that it can take different forms: physical, sexual and psychological/emotional. In the course of this essay the causes and effects of domestic violence will be explored, drawing on research carried out in Ireland and internationally. The legal and other remedies will also be outlined and evaluated. 2. Many theories have been put forward as to the causes of domestic violence. One theory is idea of circular causality (Pressman 1989). This view implies that a woman is as responsible for her own victimization as the man who assaults her. The violence is seen as something they have both created and are both responsible for modifying. Another view explains violence by reference to the mans personal history. Research shows that men who witness their parents domestic violence are three times more likely to become wife beaters and women who witness violence as children seek out abusive men because they saw their mothers being abused (Pressman 1989). Pressman (1989) suggests witnessing violence against a Mother may make sons more prone to violence themselves as adults, they may be quick to perceive conflict and slow to see non-violent alternatives for dealing with it. However, there are no firm conclusions about childhood experiences of domestic or other abuse as a cause of adult abuse or v ictimization. Pressman (1989) points out that it is not simply a matter of modelling whereby a child witnesses a set of behaviours and proceeds to replicate them: there are powerful mediating factors that can shape a variety of outcomes. She concludes that not all violent families and not all children are the same and the replication of violence from generation to generation is not inevitable (Pressman 1989). Domestic violence is often associated with alcohol consumption, but it is unclear as to whether alcohol is the root cause of this problem. Reporting 3. on a study of married couples, Leonard finds support for a causal relationship between a husbands drinking and physical abuse of wives. However, he cautions that: †¦despite the support that the current research program has provided for a causal role of alcohol on marital aggression, it would be a mistake to overstate this role. Alcohol is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of marital aggression. The majority of aggressive episodes occur without alcohol, and men who have behaved aggressively with alcohol have often behaved aggressively without alcohol as well. The role of alcohol†¦appears to be one of a facilitative nature, a contributing cause. (Leonard cited in Watson and Parsons 2005 p.67). In their study of domestic violence in Ireland, Watson and Parsons identify a number of triggers of abusive behaviour. A trigger is an immediate precursor to the behaviour and not necessary the ultimate cause of violence (p. 174). They found that in about two out of five cases the abusive behaviour had no specific trigger or was triggered by minor incidents. In about one third of cases abuse was associated with the consumption of alcohol. The authors conclude that the results are not strongly suggestive of a primary causal link between consumption of alcohol and incidents of domestic violence. In only one quarter of cases was alcohol consumption always involved. Similarly, Margaret Martin, director of Womens Aid, points out that while there is a strong link between alcohol abuse and domestic violence, treating or dealing with the alcoholism does not necessarily stop the violence (Martin 2009). 4. However, she does acknowledge that alcohol greatly increases the risk to a woman and has clear links to increased severity in relation to physical and sexual abuse. Other contributing factors to domestic violence include social exclusion, gender inequality, poverty and having a criminal background. A number of theorists work from the understanding that domestic abuse is caused by social structures, cultural norms and other factors that endorse or do not challenge the use of control and abuse by men against their female partners (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Pressman (1989) suggests that violence against women has persisted in our society precisely because it does not contradict cultural norms in any fundamental way. She suggests that to some degree we have all been acculturated to perceive violence as an acceptable means of exercising control. Wife abuse also reflects power differentials in our society, played out in the family. Pressman (1989) points out that the groups against whom violence is accepted are groups that are socially and economically disadvantaged including women, children, racial minorities, the poor, the mentally ill. In particular she looks at the economic inequalities that affect women and their continuing exclusion from positions of power in very many sectors o f society. According to Pressman (1989) there is an obvious link between this systematic disempowering of women and their continued victimization. Domestic violence simultaneously expresses and reinforces their 5. disempowered state. The basic problem as she sees it, is not just to end violence as a behaviour (although it is obviously important) but more importantly to alter the social arrangements that violence expresses and reinforces. Women cannot be safe when at the same time they are defined as inferior and subordinate to men. The impact of domestic violence is far reaching and complex. Domestic violence is a major cause of injury, disability and death for women worldwide. Between January 1996 and June 2005, one hundred and nine women were murdered in Ireland, seventy two of these in their own homes. In those cases which have been resolved, all were perpetrated by a man and almost half were perpetrated by the womans partner or ex-partner (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland is not alone, domestic violence is one of the greatest causes of death and injury amongst women worldwide (Amnesty International, 2004). The World Health Organisation has estimated that 70 per cent of female murder victims are killed by their male partners. Their recently released World Report on Violence and Health notes that whereas men are much more likely to be attacked by a stranger or an acquaintance than by someone within their close circle of relationships†¦.one of the most common forms of violence against women is that perfor med by a husband or male partner (World Health Organisation 2001). The Council of Europe has stated that violence in the family is the major cause of death and disability for women between the 6. ages of 16 and 44 years. Domestic violence results in more death and ill- health in women than cancer or road traffic accidents (Kerr 2004). Similarly child homicide is often linked to domestic violence, where the male abuser is abusing the women and the child(ren). Children who are not being abused may be physically harmed when they try to protect parents or are caught in the crossfire (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Apart from physical injury, domestic violence is also linked to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems. Both women and men who have been abused report negative emotional consequences (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, women are more likely than men to have been very frightened or distressed by this abuse and to report that the experience had a major impact on their lives (ibid. p25). Watson and Parsons also found that more women than men reported a loss of confidence. In some instances emotional abuse was found to be even more traumatic than physical attacks. Almost half of the severely abused respondents including those who had suffered severe physical or sexual abuse listed an emotional incident as being the worst thing that had happened to them (ibid. p.25). The research also found a clear link between abuse and marital breakdown. Domestic abuse can have an impact on other aspects of the victims life, including work and accommodation. Watson and Parsons found that two 7. in five of those severely abused had to take time off work, while nearly one in eight had to leave a job. In some cases it can lead to homelessness (OHalloran 2009). It is also a major cost to the exchequer in health care for the victims (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland now has a network of womens support services and mens programmes, a civil and criminal justice framework, a specialist policy for the police and other elements of domestic abuse intervention. There has been public debate about effective ways of responding to and preventing domestic abuse (Task Force Report, 1997). The Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform of the government of Ireland coordinates a Steering Committee on Violence against Women. Various sub-committees of the steering committee include one focused on work with perpetrators (Debonnaire 2004).. Traditionally attempts to intervene in domestic violence focused on abused women and their children. In recent years, however, there has been a shift to include a focus on the man who has perpetrated the abuse. on the perpetrator of the abuse. New policies have been adopted which focus on pro-active forms of intervention and prosecution. As part of these interventions treatment programmes for men have been introduced. The Dulaith Abuse Intervention Project (Dulaith DAIP) was the worlds first project to place intervention programmes as part of a co-ordinated 8. community response that aimed to hold men to account for their behaviour, enhance womens safety, sanction abusers appropriately and teach men not to abuse (Debonnaire 2004). There are currently fifteen intervention programmes working with domestic abusers in Ireland. Through working with perpetrators, these organisations are trying to increase the safety, and reduce the risks to their partners and children (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Numerous evaluations of intervention programmes have been carried out. Some results appear to show that programmes had limited or no effect on mens behaviour or womens safety. Others show that some programmes can have a positive effect on womens safety and on reducing mens abuse, particularly as part of a co-ordinated community response involving the criminal justice system and womens support services (Dobash et al, 2002; OConnor, 1998 cited in Debonnaire 2004). The legal protection for victims of domestic violence in Ireland includes elements from both the criminal and civil systems. The Domestic Violence Act 1996 enables spouses, cohabitees and parents to apply for orders, with certain property and residency restrictions. It enacted provisions of the Family Law Act 1981, making breach of domestic violence order an arrestable offence and allowing Gardai to arrest an offender for suspected actual bodily harm or grievous bodily 9. harm without witnessing the violence. The Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act, 1997 addresses criminal aspects of domestic violence, making most forms of physical violence used by domestic abusers a crime. Victims of domestic violence can apply for three type of civil orders: protection orders (an interim order, which the court can make while a full hearing is pending for one of the other orders), safety orders (which prohibits violence or threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides) and barring orders which prohibits the person from entering the place where the applicant resides also prohibits violence, threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides). According to Nester (2007) it is clear from a High Court decision in the case of McA -v- McA (1981) that it is not necessary to prove actual or threatened violence in order to avail of a barring order. The wife in the above mentioned case claimed that her health had been adversely effected by her husbands continued lack of communication. Judge Costello granted a barring order on the grounds that the husbands conduct had seri ously affected the welfare of the wife. In cases where the Court believes there is an immediate risk of significant harm to the applicant or dependant child, or that a protection order may not be sufficient to protect the applicant, an interim barring order may be granted. This order has the same effect as a 10. barring order, and lasts until the Court determines the application for the barring order. Safety orders can last up to five years and barring orders for up to three years and can be renewed after that (Nester 2007). According to Margaret Martin (2006) Director of Womens Aid, the 1996 Domestic Violence Act falls short in a number of significant areas, leaving many victims of domestic violence unable to access protection in the civil courts. She states the Act specifies where a cohabitee wishes to apply for a barring order, two key conditions must be satisfied: the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous nine months in aggregate. They must be able to prove an equal or greater interest in the property. To apply for a safety order, the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous 12 months in aggregate. Ms Martin (2009) argues that these restrictions have prevented many women from accessing protection. Some may have been living with their partners for too short a period or many may be separated from him too long. Others may not have lived with their abuser at all. Separation she says is often the most dangerous time for a woman with the abuse becoming more frequent, severe and dangerous. Ten per cent of callers to the Womens Aid helpline in 2008 were being abused by former partners who were not married. Ms Martin (2009) also points out that there are no legal provisions for women in dating relationships. She states that the law is powerless to protect women who were never married or have never 11. lived with the abuser. This also applies to women who have children but do not live with the father of the child, they cannot apply for domestic violence orders because they do not fit the cohabitation requirements. This falls short of UN guidelines for domestic violence legislation, which state that legislation should apply at a minimum to individuals who are or who have been in an intimate relationship, including marital, non-marital, same-sex and non-cohabiting relationships (Martin 2009). A number of groups including Womens Aid, the Law Society, the Law Reform Commission, the Government Task Force on Violence against Women and Amnesty Ireland, have called for the 1996 Domestic Violence Act to be amended in order to address these issues. Holland (2009) states that unacceptable delays in the family courts are causing women, intimidated by violent spouses and partners, to drop applications for barring orders. She points out that the first port of call for a woman seeking a barring or protection order against a violent or abusive man is the District Court. Currently women face an eleven week wait between applying for an order and a court hearing. Within that period she says many women come under enormous pressure to withdraw their applications. She argues that the abuser has a lot of time to work on the victim. She said once an application is withdrawn it is unlikely the woman, who would be further demoralised, would re-enter it. A report published by Amnesty Internationa l points out that of 8,452 incidents of 12. domestic violence reported to the Garda in 2003, less than half resulted in barring orders from the courts. It looked at convictions of perpetrators in the courts, figures indicate that successful prosecutions occurred in only 7.7 per cent of these cases. The report also states that there has not been a single conviction for marital rape in this country, despite specific legislation making it a crime since 1990 and its frequent occurrence as reported by victims to organisations such as Womens Aid (Raferty 2005). Womens refuges prov

Total Quality Management Essay -- essays research papers

TQM is a philosophy of management driven by the constant attainment of customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of all organizational processes, including employee participation, teamwork, and leadership. There are five key principles: -MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT 1) Plan (drive direct) 2) Do (deploy, support, and participate) 3) Check (review) 4) Act (recognize, communicate, revise) -EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT 1) Training 2) Suggestive Scheme 3) Measurement + Recognition 4) Excellence Teams -FACT BASED DECISION MAKING 1) Statistical process control 2) Team oriented problem solving (TOPS) -CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT 1) Systematic measurement + focus 2) Excellence Teams 3) Cross-functional process management 4) Attain, maintain, + improve standards -CUSTOMER FOCUS 1) Supplier partnership 2) Service relationship with internal customers 3) Never compromise quality 4) Customer driven standards Implementation of TQM Total Quality Management emphasizes detecting potential problems before they occur. There are five major areas of TQM, which are: †¢ Focus on quality and prevention of problems †¢ Cooperation with suppliers and customers †¢ Continuous improvement †¢ Encouragement of proper climate and employee empowerment †¢ Use of measurements to back decisions In the process of TQM customers are the ones who define a quality product. Not only should employees inspect products or services while performing duties, but companies must design quality products. During the design process there should be input from customers, marketing and those who assemble the final product. A company implementing TQM should cooperate with suppliers and have a focus on customer satisfaction. Vendors should be treated as business partners with all parties working to deliver a quality product. In order for TQM to be successful suppliers must also implement it. When implementing TQM one must remember that it is continuous improvement, while eliminating wasteful steps. In order to implement it employees must be empowered to make d... ...ogether to form a team so that the entire construction project in is sync with all of its components, thus resulting in more fluid results. The final and arguably most important application of TQM into the construction industry is a new system of measures. The construction does not have system of statistically monitoring themselves, except for total cost results. It can be argued that since the industry does not have a statistical standard of measurement it cannot improve itself. Instead of focusing on processes and causes of problems, the industry has focused on monitoring and inspection of end results. As an example, the construction industry does not monitor the amount of non-productive time at a project for the amount of redo-work that takes place due to mistakes. This lack of measurement leads to acceptance of the defects and non-productive time. Using a TQM approach, the cause of these "defects" are quantified and analyzed. This data can then be used to analyze the efficiency of projects as they are on going. This results in the ability to make beneficial changes by eliminating the cause of the defects wh ile the project is still in its construction phase.